Pdf salivary gland tumours are a relatively rare and morphologically diverse group of lesions. Apr 30, 2007 imaging of salivary gland tumours is a major challenge for radiologists due to the great variety of differential diagnoses. Benign and malignant salivary gland tumors anticancer research. Differentiation of benign and malignant tumors is not the primary goal of ct and mri. Histopathology of salivary gland tumors is very varied, with a large number of both benign and malignant tumors. Salivary gland tumours or neoplasms are tumours that form in the tissues of salivary glands. An approach to the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors richard c. Perineural invasion for parotid tumor facial nerve entire nerve should be assessed all the way even if there is no clinical facial paralysis auriculotemporal nerve through a small fat pad along the medial aspect of the lateral pterygoid muscle and just inferior to the foramen ovale salivary gland tumors.
Salivary duct carcinoma mucoepidermoid carcinoma incidence most common malignant salivary gland tumor children and adults major and minor salivary glands p k i id 5th t 6th d d 36 peak incidence 5th to 6th decades clinical mass lesion surgical treatment with margins. Systemic therapy for recurrent or metastatic salivary. Tumors of the salivary glands afip atlas of tumor pathology. Older dogs and cats, poodle and spaniel breed dogs and siamese breed cats, and male cats are at a higher risk for salivary gland tumors. The major salivary glands consist of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The salivary glands are classified as major or minor.
Salivary gland tumors symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Salivary gland tumor treatment usually involves surgery, with or without radiation therapy. There are also hundreds of small salivary glands lining the rest of the mouth. Salivary gland pathology diagnosis and management pdf. Warthins tumor wt is a common benign salivary gland neoplasm with a negligible risk of malignant transformation. Salivary gland tumors merck manuals professional edition. About salivary gland cancer what is salivary gland cancer. Traditionally, the treatment of choice for these tumors is surgery. For example, 75% of parotid gland tumors are benign while only 25 to 30% of sublingual gland tumors are benign. Salivary gland malignancies can occur throughout the upper aerodigestive tract but the majority of tumors occur in the parotid gland and other major salivary glands.
For accreditation purposes, this protocol should be used for the following procedures and tumor types. The minor salivary glands consist of 800 small mucussecreting glands located throughout the lining of the oral cavity. Among the causes are dehydration, smoking and exposure to radiation. Intermediategrade adenocarcinoma r t or intermediategrade mucoepidermoid a arm 1 r carcinoma n radiation. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The salivary gland section in the 4th edition of the world health organization classification of head and neck tumors features the description and inclusio this entity was extracted mainly from acinic cell carcinoma based on recapitulation of breast secretory carcinoma and a shared etv6ntrk3 gene fusion. All salivary glands can develop tumors, but the larger the gland the more common the tumor is benign. June 2017 includes ptnm requirements from the 8th edition, ajcc staging manual.
Salivary gland tumorcausessymptomstreatmentprognosis. Salivary gland tumor develops where there is abnormal growth of cells in the salivary glands and the ducts of the salivary glands through which the glands drain the saliva to the mouth. Salivary gland tumors sgts are rare neoplasms accounting for 0. Classification of the pathology of diseases of the salivary glands. About 85% of salivary gland tumors occur in the parotid glands, followed by the submandibular and minor salivary glands, and about 1% occur in the sublingual glands. Salivary glands make saliva, which aids in digestion, keeps your mouth moist and supports healthy teeth. Tumors of the major salivary glands are uncommon and account for approximately 2% to 7% of all head and neck neoplasms. In adults, the annual incidence is approximately one to four new cases per 100,000 individuals. There are numerous entities of salivary gland neoplasms and while. Multidisciplinary management of salivary gland cancers. This article gives a short overview on the anatomy of the salivary glands, the epidemiology of salivary gland tumours as well as. Build on previous arrocases for salivary gland tumors. Tumors of minor salivary glands med oral patol oral cir bucal.
International histological classification of tumours, 2nd ed. Out of this pleomorphic adenomas are the most common, representing 7080% of all salivary gland tumors1 most frequently located in the. Several different types of tumors can affect the salivary glands. Newly described salivary gland tumors modern pathology. Here you can find out all about salivary gland cancer, including risk factors, symptoms, how it is found, and how it is treated. Oct 24, 2018 nearly threefourths of salivary gland tumors arise in the parotid gland. Salivary gland anlage tumor manifests in newborns or within the first few weeks of life with respiratory distress. Salivary gland regeneration for oral cancer sixstep. The 2 main types of salivary glands are the major salivary glands and minor salivary glands. After clinical evaluation, ultrasound is the most preferred imaging modality to differentiate benign from malignant conditions.
Primary tumors of the parenchyma, and primary and metastatic tumors of the lymph nodes within the major glands, will be discussed. Patients undergoing radiation for oral cancer often have the salivary glands radiated, leading to a life of saliva deficiency. These are the largest salivary glands and are found in front of and just below each ear. Early metastatic disease seen in most cases of camsg associated with indolent behavior makes it a unique neoplasm among all lowgrade salivary gland tumors. They can occur spontaneously, but are most often due to obstruction of the gland via stone or tumor, poor oral hygiene, or dehydration, which may thicken the secretions within the gland. Oct 26, 2018 salivary gland tumors are rare types of tumors that begin in the salivary glands. In addition to this wide range in clinical behavior, salivary gland tumors can show extensive morphologic overlap, so much so that, in many cases, a. Knowing the type of salivary gland tumor you have helps your doctor determine which treatment options are best for you. Salivary gland cancer is a type of head and neck cancer head and neck cancer facts.
There are 3 sets of major salivary glands on each side of the face. Although some investigators favor a teratomatous interpretation. Fifty percent of tumors originating from the minor salivary glands, but only 10% of tumors of the sublingual gland, are benign. Although, overall, tumours are more common in the parotid, the incidence of malignancy is higher in the submandibular and minor salivary glands. Aside from a few other patients with benign tumors in the lips or nasal cavity, minor salivary tumors arising in other anatomic sites are almost invariably malignant. Two sublingual glands are under the floor of the mouth. Salivary gland tumors can begin in any of the salivary glands in your mouth, neck or throat. A randomized phase ii study of adjuvant concurrent radiation and chemotherapy versus radiation alone in resected highrisk malignant salivary gland tumors schema 22712 histology s 1. Small blockages may pass without treatment, but severe cases may require the removal of a salivary gland. Nearly threefourths of salivary gland tumors arise in the parotid gland.
Both benign noncancerous and cancerous salivary gland tumors may develop anywhere in the salivary glands, but the majority of them are parotid tumors. They do not generally invade adjacent tissues or metastasize, but they can continue to grow and become deforming. Other disorders affecting these glands include autoimmune diseases, diabetes and excessive alcohol consumption. Cancers of the head and neck are identified by the area in which they begin. Parotid tumors are the most common type of salivary gland tumors, accounting for 80 to 85 percent of all salivary gland tumors. Worldwide annual incidence of salivary gland tumours varies from 0. Tumors of the salivary glands are not com mon, representing about 3% of all head and neck tumors. Mar 12, 2015 tumors of salivary glands slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Salivary gland tumors mostly emerge in parotid gland. However, the data on the clinical utility of grading all. If your tumor is small and located in an easytoaccess spot, your surgeon may remove the tumor and a small portion of healthy tissue that.
Download file pdf mr ulrich mrs ryan salivary amylase lab salivary gland histology structure, secretory cells and ducts salivary glands sgs are exocrine glands present in the. This barcode number lets you verify that youre getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. The salivary glands comprise the three paired major glands the parotid, the submandibular and sublingual and the minor glands located in the palate, lips, buccal mucosa. What is the most common benign salivary neoplasm for all salivary glands. Salivary gland cancer is a rare disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the tissues of the salivary glands.
Salivary gland tumors and cancers are treated in conjunction with the ucsf head and neck surgery center and the ucsf helen diller comprehensive cancer center. An approach to the why is salivary gland pathology. However, there is a risk of malignant tumors being misdiagnosed as. The most common problems in the salivary gland occur when the ducts become blocked and saliva cannot drain. They represent less than one percent of all head and neck tumors. Salivary gland tumors ear, nose, and throat disorders msd. The mandibular and parotid glands are most commonly affected. Protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with carcinomas of the major salivary glands. These glands are found under the tongue in the floor of the mouth. Salivary gland disorders include diseases affecting the parotid gland, submandibular gland, and minor salivary glands. The majority of these tumors reoccur after curative surgical procedures. The tumor is postulated to be a hamartoma because the histologic features are reminiscent of developing salivary gland in embryo.
Salivary glands empty saliva into the mouth through ducts that open at various places in the mouth. Salivary gland tumors include a wide range of tumor types, which can be either benign or malignant. Approximately three fourths of all salivary gland tumors occur in the major salivary glands. Minor salivary gland tumors msgts are infrequent, accounting for 1015% of all salivary neoplasms, and are fundamentally located in the palate 50%, lips 15%. Metastases to salivary glands are mainly observed in the parotid gland due to the presence of intraglandular lymph nodes, which drain the face, external ear, and scalp. Primary benign and malignant salivary gland tumors usually show up as painless enlargements of these glands. Even benign salivary gland tumors should usually be excised because excision becomes more difficult as they grow larger, and a small.
Salivary gland tumours most often present as painless enlarging masses. There are a variety of benign salivary gland tumors, including. Salivary gland tumor an overview sciencedirect topics. The major and minor salivary glands give rise to a variety of both benign and malignant lesions. Signs of salivary gland cancer include a lump or trouble swallowing.
Normal salivary glands are made of many different types of cells. Theyre located on either side of your tongue, in the floor of your mouth see figure 1. Cancer of the major salivary glands is a heterogeneous disease with a low overall incidence. The parotid glands, the largest salivary glands, are just in front of the ears. About 7 out of 10 salivary gland tumors start here.
Most salivary gland tumors are benign that is, they are not cancer and will not spread to other parts of the body. The heterogeneity of salivary malignancies is underscored by the world health organization classification, which categorizes these tumors into 24 subtypes with varying biologic. Tumors located in the parotid part are only 25 % malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor and the most common neoplastic lesion of the parotid gland, comprising around 70% of tumors at this location. Being exposed to certain types of radiation may increase the risk of salivary cancer. Pathologists generally agree that histologic grading of some malignant salivary gland tumors is predictive of their clinical behavior 1,2. This could be particularly important for aggressive salivary gland tumors, such as salivary duct carcinoma sdc. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Jul 31, 2015 the major salivary glands are the parotid glands, submandibular glands and sublingual glands. Pdf tumors of the salivary glands julia gar academia. The two most common tumors are pleomorphic adenomas and warthins tumor. This article will focus on some of the new advances in salivary gland tumor pathology that have a potential for clinical impact. Salivary gland tumors represent a diverse set of tumors with a broad range of biologic behaviors, ranging from completely benign tumors to lowgrade malignancies to highgrade malignancies. Tumors can affect the salivary glands themselves or other areas nearby such as the palate, mouth, cheeks or lips.
About 75 to 80% are benign, slowgrowing, movable, painless, usually solitary nodules beneath normal skin or mucosa. They can be cancerous malignant or noncancerous benign. You will still be able to make saliva after your surgery. However, the incidence of malignancies is much higher in the submandibular part 50 % and minor salivary glands 6080 % sood et al. The minor salivary glands consist of 800 small mucussecreting glands located throughout the lining of the. There are many types of benign salivary gland tumors, with names such as adenomas, oncocytomas, warthin tumors, and benign mixed tumors also known as pleomorphic adenomas. Salivary gland tumors are rare in the dog and cat, with a reported incidence of 0. Tumors of minor salivary glands e583 introduction salivary gland neoplasms represent less than 1% of all tumors, and 35% of all head and neck neoplasms. While most parotid tumors are noncancerous benign, the parotid glands are where nearly 25 percent of cancerous malignant salivary gland tumors develop. Although almost 40 histologic types of epithelial tumors of the salivary glands exist, some are exceedingly rare and may be the subject of only a few case reports. The sublingual glands are the smallest of your salivary glands. Benign and malignant tumors can occur in the salivary glands and usually present as a painless solitary neck mass. The majority of salivary gland tumors are benign, meaning they are not cancers. The most common benign salivary gland tumor is a pleomorphic adenoma.
Most are located in the parotid glands and most are benign. Pleomorphic adenoma compromises about 40% to 70% of all salivary gland tumors. Eight 16% of the 50 cases of parotid tumor were malignant. Most of these tumors are benign not cancer, but the parotid glands still are where most malignant cancerous salivary gland tumors start. In fact, as many as 80% of salivary gland tumors begin in the parotid glands. Most major salivary gland tumors begin in this gland. This is typically a slowgrowing tumor that occurs most often in the parotid gland. Repair and regeneration of salivary glands have attracted the attention of research significantly in the recent decade. Signs include swelling of the upper neck or ear base, halitosis, anorexia. It is the most frequent salivary gland tumor in both children and adults and the most common tumor of both major and minor salivary glands. The main function of the salivary glands are to produce saliva, which cleans the mouth of any pathogens that might have infiltrated into the mouth by way of food and also helps in chewing food and swallowing it. Most tumors found in the sublingual gland are benign.
Its what happens when abnormal cells in these glands grow out of control. Salivary glands secretory function can be impaired because of several diseases and conditions that can damage the complex structure of the glands including epithelial acini, connecting ducts, nerves, and vascular networks. Approximately 75% of parotid gland tumors are benign, but less than half. Cancers and tumors ucsf otolaryngologyhead and neck surgery.
Tumors rarely involve more than one gland and are detected as a growth in the parotid, submandibular area, on the palate, floor of mouth, cheeks, lips, and other rare locations associated with minor glands. Salivary gland tumors diagnosis and treatment mayo clinic. Management of malignant tumors of the salivary glands. Find information about salivary gland cancer types and the latest research. The worst part about losing saliva is lack of sleep from continually awakening to moisten the mouth. Sonographic evaluation of salivary gland tumors a hospital.
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